Human Health and Selenium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15761884Anahtar Kelimeler:
Selenium, Oxidative Stress, Human, DiseaseÖzet
Selenium (Se) is a trace element essential for human reproductive and growth functions. The term " Se" originates from the Greek word selene, meaning "moon." Se is represented by the chemical symbol Se, has an atomic number of 34, and an atomic mass of 78.96. It is located in period 4 and group 6A of the periodic table. In nature, Se exists in various oxidation states, including -2, +2, +4, and +6. The -2 oxidation state is typically found in selenides, the +4 state in selenites, and the +6 state in selenates. Additionally, a +1 state can be observed in some sel Se enium compounds, such as s Se elenium chlorides. Plant-based foods contain Se primarily in its organic form, selenomethionine (SeMet), which has a bioavailability of approximately 90%. Inorganic forms such as selenate and selenite also exist in foods and are known for their high bioavailability. The antioxidant properties of selenoproteins play a crucial role in preventing cellular damage caused by free radicals. It is estimated that there are approximately 30–50 selenoproteins in the human body. Of these, about 12 are believed to be involved in processes related to viral infections, cancer, and immune function. The primary Se -containing protein in tissues is glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), which serves as a key biomarker for determining Se status at the cellular level. Furthermore, Gpx plays a vital role in protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced damage.
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