Effect of Ti/Cr Ratio on Wear Performance of (Ti,Cr)N Coatings

Yazarlar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15768059

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Coating, CrN, TiN, (Ti,Cr)N, Ti/Cr Ratio, Wear Performance

Özet

The wear performance of CrN, TiN, and (Ti,Cr)N coatings on Cr12MoV steel was thoroughly investigated. This research also delved into the impact of the Ti/Cr ratio within the (Ti,Cr)N coating, as well as the effects of the applied wear test load and sliding speed on the wear behaviour. The wear behaviours in CrN, TiN, and (Ti,Cr)N coatings was sought through the examination of their hardness, steady friction coefficient, and wear rate. TiN coating showed superior hardness compared to CrN. The CrN coating consistently demonstrated the lowest friction coefficient, whereas TiN coating showed the highest. Despite its high hardness, the TiN coating exhibited the highest wear rate due to its high friction. The CrN coating, with lower hardness, showed the highest wear resistance. The hardness of (Ti,Cr)N coatings was significantly influenced by the Ti/Cr ratio. (Ti,Cr)N coatings enabled friction control, and reducing the Ti/Cr ratio led to a decrease in friction coefficients. This, combined with their high hardness, resulted in a notably competitive wear performance.

Referanslar

Akbarzadeh, M., Shafyei, A., Salimijaz, H.R., 2015. Comparison of the CrN, TiN and (Ti, Cr)N PVD coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation. Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 12(1): 43–51.

Bhise, V.Y., Jogi, B.F., 2023. Some studies on cutting tools and coatings for machining of superalloys under dry and sustainable lubrication environment. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 10(4): 3662–3679.

Borgioli, F., Adachi, S., Lindner, T., 2024. Advances in low-temperature nitriding and carburizing of stainless steels and metallic materials: formation and properties. Metals, 14: 1179.

Bhushan, B., 2013. Principles and Applications of Tribology, Wiley.

Chicco, D., Warrens, M.J., Jurman, G., 2021. The coefficient of determination R-squared is more informative than SMAPE, MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE in regression analysis evaluation. PeerJ Computer Science, 7: e623.

Ghufran, M., Uddin, G.M., Arafat, S.M., Jawad, M., Rehman, A., 2020. Development and tribo-mechanical properties of functional ternary nitride coatings: Applications-based comprehensive review. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 235(1): 196–232.

Hangwei, C., Yuan, G., Lin, Y., Zhikang, M., Chenglei, W., 2014. High-temperature oxidation behavior of (Ti,Cr)N boating deposited on 4Cr13 stainless steel by multi-arc ion plating. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 43(5): 1084-1087.

Jeje, S.O., Mpofu, P., Malatji, N., Kanyane, L.R., Shongwe, M.B., 2025. Multi-principal element alloy coatings: A review of deposition techniques, applications, and future prospects. Metals and Materials International.

Johny, B.S., Alphonse, M., 2024. Friction and wear behaviour of AlCrN and TiN coated H13 tool steel. Tribology and Materials, 3(3): 131–140.

Kang, K., Su, S., Yu, B., Sun, Z., Hu, S., Wang, Z., Zhao, C., Wu, L., Luo, G., Wei, R., 2025. The review and prospect of tool coating technology. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 137: 3107–3139.

Kumar, N., Choubey, V.K., 2024. Recent trends in coating processes on various AISI steel substrates: A review. Journal of Materials Science, 59: 395–422.

Leonov, A.A., Denisova, Y.A., Denisov, V.V., Syrtanov, M.S., Shmakov, A.N., Savostikov, V.M., Teresov, A.D., 2023. Structure and properties of CrN/TiN multi-layer coatings obtained by vacuum-arc plasma-assisted deposition method. Coatings, 13: 351.

Li, H., Chen, X., Shen, M., Guo, C., 2025. Effect of oxygen flow rate on structure and properties of Cr-based coatings deposited by arc ion plating. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 3009: 012011.

Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Liu, X., Zheng, J., Zhang, S., 2024. Tribocorrosion of CrN coatings on different steel substrates. Surface and Coatings Technology, 484: 130829.

Machado, A.R., Da Silva, L.R R., Pimenov, D.Y., De Souza, F.C.R., Kuntoğlu, M., De Paiva, R.L., 2024. Comprehensive review of advanced methods for improving the parameters of machining steels, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 125: 111–142.

Mandri, A.D., Colombo, D.A., Sanchez, N.V., Brühl, S.P., Dommarco, R.C., 2025. Rolling contact fatigue of ion nitrided and TiN coated AISI 4140 steel under pure rolling condition. Engineering Failure Analysis, 170: 109311.

Mei, T., Zhang, Q., Liu, X., Bin, H., 2024. Research on tribological behavior and mechanism of laser surface texturing on tool surface in hot stamping of Al-Si-coated high-strength steel. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 133: 4347–4364.

Mohapatra, S., Oh, M.S., 2025. Evaluating the tribological properties and residual stress of TiCrN thin films deposited by cathodic-arc physical vapor deposition technique. Applied Sciences, 15: 2466.

Narayana, T., Saleem, S.S., 2024. Comparative investigation and characterization of the nano-mechanical and tribological behavior of RF magnetron sputtered TiN, CrN, and TiB2 coating on Ti6Al4V alloy. Tribology International, 193: 109348.

Nekouee, K.A., Elmkhah, H., 2018. Characterization of TiN coatings deposited on H11 tool steel by PECVD method. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 54: 662–667.

Poursaiedi, E., Salarvand, A., 2016. Effect of coating surface finishing on fatigue behavior of C450 steel CAPVD coated with (Ti,Cr)N. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25: 3448–3455.

Singhal, M., Kumar, R., Walia, R.S., Pandey, S.K., 2024. Evaluation of tribological and cooling performance of TiN and DLC-coated pistons for miniature stirling cryocooler. MAPAN 39: 851–862.

Taweesup, K., Visuttipitukul, P., Yongvanich, N., Lothongkum, G., 2019. Corrosion behavior of Ti-Cr-N coatings on tool steel substrates prepared using DC magnetron sputtering at low growth temperatures. Surface and Coatings Technology, 358: 732–740.

Torsakul, S., Kuptasthien, N., 2024. Tool life improvement for stamping dies in the coining process. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, In press.

Trzepieciński, T., 2023. Approaches for preventing tool wear in sheet metal forming processes. Machines, 11: 616.

Uglov, V.V., Remnev, G.E., Kuleshov, A.K., Saltymakov, M.S., 2011. Modification of (Ti,Cr)N coatings on a hard alloy under the action of high-power pulsed ion beams. Inorganic Materials: Applied Research, 2: 242–246.

Vera, E.E., Vite, M., Lewis, R., Gallardo, E.A., Laguna-Camacho, J.R., 2011. A study of the wear performance of TiN, CrN and WC/C coatings on different steel substrates. Wear, 271(9–10): 2116–2124.

Wang, X.X., Wang, Y.H., Ling, Z.C., Yuan, Z.P., Shi, J.J., Qin, J., Sun, H.W., Pan, K.M., Geng, Z.M., Ma H.L., Yang, Z.J., Liu, S., Wu, Y.M., Peng, Y., 2025. Strategies for superhard tool coating materials: focus on preparation methods and properties. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, In press.

Yin, Q., Zhang, K., Fu, X.Z., Wang, X.Z., Luo, J.L., 2022. Rapid coating preparation strategy for chromium nitride coated titanium bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47(73): 31435–31445.

Zhang, S., Jin, W., Yang, H., Gao, K., Pang, X., Yan, L., Volinsky, A.A., 2018. Comparative study of Ti and Cr adhesion to the AlN ceramic: Experiments and calculations. Applied Surface Science, 457: 856-862.

Zhou, Y.M., Asaki, R., Higashi, K., Soe, W.H., Yamamoto, R., 2000. Sliding wear behavior of polycrystalline TiN/CrN multilayers against an alumina ball. Surface and Coatings Technology, 130(1): 9-14.

İndir

Yayınlanmış

2025-06-29

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

BAŞER, E., & DİLER, E. A. (2025). Effect of Ti/Cr Ratio on Wear Performance of (Ti,Cr)N Coatings. EJONS Uluslararası Matematik, Mühendislik Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15768059

Sayı

Bölüm

Makaleler