Evaluation of Occupational Safety Risks in Air Cargo Operations

Abstract

With the ongoing globalization and technological advancements, the civil aviation sector, particularly air cargo transportation, has gained critical importance. However, the increasing complexity of operations, coupled with human factors and process deficiencies, elevates occupational safety risks and may lead to accidents within the industry. This study systematically analyzes the current occupational safety risks associated with air cargo operations, highlighting the impacts of human factors, procedural shortcomings, and environmental conditions on risk levels. Employing multi-criteria decision-making methods such as the ARAS and CIMAS techniques, the effectiveness of risk factors and proposed solutions were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Furthermore, a comprehensive risk management model tailored to the sector’s specific needs was developed based on expert opinions and literature review. The findings indicate that a majority of adverse events during loading, unloading, and maintenance processes stem from personnel errors, and that strengthening safety protocols, training, and supervisory mechanisms can significantly mitigate these risks. The novelty of this work lies in the integration and application of an holistic risk management approach, fostering the dissemination of a sustainable safety culture within the industry. The results provide practical and scholarly guidance for the adoption of personnel training, technological innovations, and risk-oriented practices across the sector. Consequently, this research makes a valuable contribution both academically and practically, establishing a robust framework for enhancing safety and operational reliability in air cargo transportation.