Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Anion Removal Properties of Cationic Derivatives of Waste Triglycerides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14327108Keywords:
Triglycerides, Waste cooking oils, Cationic derivatives of plant oils, Anion removal, Sustainable developmentAbstract
Waste cooking oils (WCO) exert a detrimental effect on the environment. It is crucial for our future to either reuse or eliminate those materials. This study assesses the cationic derivatives of triglycerides derived from plant oils. Furthermore, the research also examines the potential of the synthesized materials to remove anions. The process of creating cationic derivatives involves three distinct phases. The initial procedure involves the epoxidation of the utilized cooking oil (WCO). The next procedure involves the amalgamation of epoxidized waste cooking oil (EWO) with monochloroacetic acid (MCA). The last stage involves the quaternarization reaction using tertiary amines. Triethylamine and pyridine were employed for the process of quaternarization. The derivatives were investigated using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy techniques. It was determined that each altered triglyceride contains three quaternary amine groups. Insoluble adducts are generated when these chemicals are combined with multivalent anions. One gram of QT-EWO-MCA can absorb 0.059 g of carbonate, 0.0947 g of sulfate, and 0.0947 g of monohydrogen phosphate.
References
Awogbemi, O., Von Kallon, D. V., Aigbodion, V. S., & Panda, S. (2021). Advances in biotechnological applications of waste cooking oil. Cleaner and Sustainable Chemical Engineering, 4, 100158.
Azzena, U., Montenero, A., & Carraro, M. (2023). Recovery, purification, analysis and chemical modification of a waste cooking oil. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 14, 145–157.
Cayli, G., & Kusefoglu, S. (2010). Polymerization of linseed oil with phenolic resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 118(2), 849–856.
Chen, W., Wu, Z., Xie, Y., He, X., Su, Y., Qin, Y., Tang, D., & Oh, S. K. (2023). Fabrication of silane and nano-silica composite modified bio-based WPU and its interfacial bonding mechanism with cementitious materials. Construction and Building Materials, 371, 130819.
Chiplunkar, P. P., & Pratap, A. P. (2016). Utilization of sunflower acid oil for synthesis of alkyd resin. Progress in Organic Coatings, 93, 61–67.
Chu, J. H., Kang, J. K., Park, S. J., & Lee, C. G. (2020). Application of the anion-exchange resin as a complementary technique to remove residual cyanide complexes in industrial plating wastewater after conventional treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 41688–41701.
Cui, L., Puerto, M. L. J., Salinas, L., Biswal, S. L., & Hirasaki, G. J. (2014). Improved methylene blue two-phase titration method for determining cationic surfactant concentration in high-salinity brine. Analytical Chemistry, 86(22), 11055–11061.
Çaylı, G., & Küsefoğlu, S. (2011). Polymerization of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil with phenol furfural resins via repeated forward and retro Diels–Alder reactions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 120, 1707–1712.
Dahdouh, A., Khay, I., & Le Brech, Y. (2023). Olive oil industry: A review of waste stream composition, environmental impacts, and energy valorization paths. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 45473–45497.
Di Pietro, M. E., Mannu, A., & Mele, A. (2020). NMR determination of fatty acids in vegetable oils. Processes, 8, 410.
Gürbüz, D. (2022). Quaternarization and polymerization of 2-chloroethyl maleate derivative of epoxidized soybean oil. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 46(6), 26.
Haghsheno, R., Mohebbi, A., Hashemipour, H., & Sarrafi, A. (2009). Study of kinetic and fixed bed operation of removal of sulfate anions from an industrial wastewater by an anion exchange resin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166(2-3), 961–966.
Isikci Koca, E., Bozdag, G., Cayli, G., Kazan, D., & Cakir Hatir, P. (2019). Thermoresponsive hydrogels based on renewable resources. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137, 48861.
Kahraman, C. (2016). Role of geography in environmental education. International Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences, 2(4), 121–125.
Khan, N., & Srivastava, V. C. (2021). Quaternary ammonium salts-based deep eutectic solvents: Utilization in extractive desulfurization. Energy & Fuels, 35(15), 12734–12745.
Landi, F. F. A., Fabiani, C., Castellani, B., Cotana, F., & Pisello, A. L. (2022). Environmental assessment of four waste cooking oil valorization pathways. Waste Management, 138, 219–233.
Lin, C. S. K., Pfaltzgraff, L. A., Herrero-Davila, L., Mubofu, E. B., Abderrahim, S., Clark, J. H., Koutinas, A. A., Kopsahelis, N., Stamatelatou, K., Dickson, F., & others. (2013). Food waste as a valuable resource for the production of chemicals, materials and fuels: Current situation and global perspective. Energy & Environmental Science, 6(2), 426–464.
Lito, P. F., Aniceto, J. P. S., & Silva, C. M. (2012). Removal of anionic pollutants from waters and wastewaters and materials perspective for their selective sorption. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 223(9), 6133–6155.
Llorca, M., & Farré, M. (2023). Micromaterials and nanomaterials as potential emerging pollutants in the marine environment. In V. M. León & J. Bellas (Eds.), Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Marine Environment (pp. 375–400). Elsevier.
Lorenz, C. D., Stevens, M. J., & Wool, R. P. (2004). Fracture behavior of triglyceride-based adhesives. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 42(17), 3333–3343.
Maia, M. A., Dotto, G. L., Perez-Lopez, O. W., & Gutterres, M. (2020). Phosphate removal from industrial wastewaters using layered double hydroxides. Environmental Technology, 42(20), 3095–3105.
Mannu, A., Garroni, S., Ibanez Porras, J., & Mele, A. (2020). Available technologies and materials for waste cooking oil recycling. Processes, 8(3), 366.
Miao, S., Wang, P., Su, Z., & Zhang, S. (2014). Vegetable-oil-based polymers as future polymeric biomaterials. Acta Biomaterialia, 10(4), 1692–1704.
Menager, C., Guigo, N., Vincent, L., & Sbirrazzuoli, N. (2020). Polymerization kinetic pathways of epoxidized linseed oil with aliphatic bio-based dicarboxylic acids. Journal of Polymer Science, 58(12), 1717–1727.
Nag, R., Mary O'Rourke, S., & Cummins, E. (2022). Risk factors and assessment strategies for the evaluation of human or environmental risk from metal(loid)s – A focus on Ireland. Science of the Total Environment, 802, 149839.
Nepomuceno, N. C., Barreto, V., & Wellen, R. M. R. (2024). Effect of dicarboxylic acids’ aliphatic chain on the curing of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) resins. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 32, 45–56.
Rajput, C. V., Sastry, N. V., & Chikhaliya, N. P. (2023). Vegetable oils-based precursors: Modifications and scope for futuristic bio-based polymeric materials. Journal of Polymer Research, 30, 159.
Savani, N. G., Naveen, T., & Dholakiya, B. Z. (2023). A review on the synthesis of maleic anhydride-based polyurethanes from renewable feedstock for different industrial applications. Journal of Polymer Research, 30, 175.
Şahin, Y. M., Çaylı, G., Çavuşoğlu, J., Tekay, E., & Şen, S. (2016). Cross-linkable epoxidized maleinated castor oil: A renewable resin alternative to unsaturated polyesters. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2016, 5781035.
Slabu, A. I., Banu, I., Pavel, O. D., Teodorescu, F., & Stan, R. (2023). Sustainable ring-opening reactions of epoxidized linseed oil in heterogeneous catalysis. Sustainability, 15, 4197.
Tran, T. N., Di Mauro, C., Graillot, A., & Mija, A. (2020). Chemical reactivity and the influence of initiators on the epoxidized vegetable oil/dicarboxylic acid system. Macromolecules, 53(7), 2526–2538.
Tsubouchi, M., Mitsushio, H., & Yamasaki, N. (1981). Determination of cationic surfactants by two-phase titration. Analytical Chemistry, 53(12), 1957–1959.
Uguz, G. (2023). Inhibitory effect of thyme oil as an antioxidant for waste cooking oil biodiesel crystallization. Energy & Environment, 34(1), 176–192.
Villada, Y., Inciarte, H., Gomez, C., Cardona, S., Orozco, L. M., Estenoz, D., & Rios, L. (2023). Alkyd-urethane resins based on castor oil: Synthesis, characterization and coating properties. Progress in Organic Coatings, 180, 107556.
Yang, D., Zhang, S., Sun, X. G., Jiang, D. E., & Dai, S. (2019). Deep eutectic solvents formed by quaternary ammonium salts and aprotic organic compound succinonitrile. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 274, 414–417.
Zeng, R. T., Wu, Y., Li, Y. D., Wang, M., & Zeng, J. B. (2017). Curing behavior of epoxidized soybean oil with biobased dicarboxylic acids. Polymer Testing, 57, 281–287.
Zeidan, H., & Marti, M. E. (2019). Separation of formic acid from aqueous solutions onto anion exchange resins: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic data. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 64(6), 2718–2727.
Zhao, F., Li, M., Zhao, X., Li, Z., Wang, Z. Y., & Xiang, J. L. (2023). Effects of silicone resins on copolymerization of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil. Polymer Engineering & Science, 63(4), 1323.
Zheng, X., Liu, Z., Fu, T., Easa, S., Liu, W., & Qiu, R. (2023). Performance enhancement of asphalt mixtures enabled by bamboo fibers and acrylated soybean oil. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 11(15), 5867–5875.
Zeng, R. T., Wu, Y., Li, Y. D., Wang, M., & Zeng, J. B. (2017). Curing behavior of epoxidized soybean oil with biobased dicarboxylic acids. Polymer Testing, 57, 281–287.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 EJONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
