CORONAVIRUS COVID-19, SARS, MERS, AND OTHER VIRAL INFECTIONS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF ' ONE HEALTH'; PROTECTION and CONTROL

Abstract

In late December 2019, the epidemic disease that occurred in Wuhan, China was named the new severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS CoV-2) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the World Health Organization (WHO). The number of cases worldwide has exceeded 6 million and deaths have exceeded 370,000 at 01.06.2020. The main symptoms of coronavirus infection include fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, diarrhoea and sore throat, and progresses in severity ranging from multiple organ locations and death to asymptomatic infections in patients. COVID-19 belongs to a large family of viruses known as coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped and positive polar RNA viruses. They cause zoonotic infections, have pandemic potential, and bats, rodents and poultry are natural reservoirs and vectors of the virus. They are characterized by an unusually large RNA genome and a unique multiplication strategy. While they cause enteritis and upper respiratory tract infections, which vary in severity and affect multiple organs in mammals, poultry, cattle and pigs, and they cause various diseases in humans, from upper respiratory tract diseases to infections that can have fatal potential. The transmission of viruses is by direct inhalation of small particles (10 nm) and airborne droplets, from contaminated surfaces (hands, wastes, etc.) and from the eye, nose, and throat and airway mucosa. Control of viral infections transmitted by air is more difficult. Various disinfectants are used to reduce contamination and should be odourless and economical without harming human and animal health and the environment, they should adapt to the surface, and do not cause abrasion and deterioration. An effective disinfectant; it should have a broad antimicrobial spectrum and should not be affected by organic substances and other chemicals used. Although the benefit of widespread use of face masks is limited, they are effective in preventing the spread of an infectious disease, especially in socialization and in common areas when used with disinfectants. Air cleaners use a variety of different designs and technologies to remove air passing through particles and sometimes odours. The purpose of this review is primarily to provide information on COVID-19 infection and other airborne viral infections, ways of protection from viral infections, disinfectants and air disinfection, in accordance with the concept of 'One Health', and to benefit from the protection and control of infections. 'Social Vaccine', which requires attention and restriction in social isolation and not to contact against COVID-19 infection, is currently the most effective and generally accepted prevention method.