School Culture: A Review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14227566%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20

Keywords:

School culture, individual, group,, educational institution, social interaction

Abstract

The beliefs, attitudes, connections, perceptions, and written and unwritten regulations which shape and impact every facet of a school's operations are collectively referred to as its "school culture." But the phrase also refers to more concrete concerns like pupils' emotional and physical safety. The community in which the school is located, the regulations that regulate how the system functions, the values upon which the school is founded, and the students, parents, teachers, administrators, and other staff all contribute to the school's culture.The phrase "school culture" is very significant in the field of education. Since school culture is dynamic and ever-changing, it is the collective heartbeat of an institution. The culture must be guided and fostered by school officials, including department heads and administrators. In addition to being aware of the existing culture, strong leaders are able to mold it to better suit the goals and objectives of the institution. The cornerstones of a student's journey are academic achievement, social and emotional development, and long-term personal growth, all of which are greatly influenced by the school culture in which they are engaged.Academic achievement is no longer merely an ideal but a real possibility when the school community as a whole supports its pupils and believes in their potential. Students are more likely to overcome challenges and achieve academic success when they are aware that they have a network of mentors, professors, and classmates who support them. The foundation of a healthy school culture is inclusion. The foundation of a positive culture is the development of common ideals and clear communication. Students can develop their hobbies, interests, and skills through a range of extracurricular activities outside of the classroom.

References

Abrahamsen, H., Aas, M., & Hellekjær, G. O. (2015). How do principals make sense of school leadership in Norwegian reorganised leadership teams?. School Leadership & Management, 35(1), 62-78.

Ahmad, M. I. S., Idrus, M. I., & Rijal, S. (2023). The role of education in fostering entrepreneurial spirit in the young generation. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(2), 93-100.

Barkley, R. A. (Ed.). (2014). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Publications.

Blewitt, C., O’connor, A., Morris, H., Mousa, A., Bergmeier, H., Nolan, A., ... & Skouteris, H. (2020). Do curriculum-based social and emotional learning programs in early childhood education and care strengthen teacher outcomes? A systematic literature review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 1049.

Bush, T. (2009). Leadership development and school improvement: Contemporary issues in leadership development. Educational review, 61(4), 375-389.

Camber Tambolas, A., Vujičić, L., & Jančec, L. (2023). Relationship between structural and social dimensions of school culture. In Frontiers in education (Vol. 7, p. 1057706). Frontiers Media SA.

Chilah Abdelkader, N., García-Carmona, M., & Hinojo Lucena, F. J. (2023). Leadership practices of school principals: the case of the multicultural city of Melilla, Spain. School Leadership & Management, 43(5), 525-545.

Chung, K.-S., Cha, J.-R., and Kim, M. (2019). Relationship-oriented organizational culture and educational community-building competence of early childhood teachers in korea: the mediating role of teacher empowerment. International Journal of Early Childhood Education, 25(1), 1-18.

Damjanovic, V. & Blank, J. (2018). Building a professional learning community: Teacherís documentation of and reflection on preschoolersí work. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46, 567ñ575.

Deal, T. E., & Peterson, K. D. (2016). Shaping school culture. The Jessey-Bass Education Series. John Wiley & Sons. Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Derikx, D. F., Houwen, S., Meijers, V., Schoemaker, M. M., & Hartman, E. (2021). The relationship between social environmental factors and motor performance in 3-to 12-year-old typically developing children: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(14), 7516.

Donnelly, J. E., Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D., Etnier, J. L., Lee, S., Tomporowski, P., ... & Szabo-Reed, A. N. (2016). Physical activity, fitness, cognitive function, and academic achievement in children: a systematic review. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 48(6), 1197.

Drago-Severson, E. (2012). New opportunities for principal leadership: Shaping school climates for enhanced teacher development. Teachers college record, 114(3), 1-44.

Engin, G. (2020). An Examination of Primary School Students' Academic Achievements and Motivation In Terms of Parents' Attitudes, Teacher Motivation, Teacher Self-efficacy and Leadership Approach. International journal of progressive education, 16(1), 257-276.

Fred, H., Meeuwen Pierre, V., Ellen, R., & Marjan, V. (2020). How to enhance teachers’ professional learning by stimulating the development of professional learning communities: operationalising a comprehensive PLC concept for assessing its development in everyday educational practice. Professional Development in Education, 46(5), 751-769.

Frederiksen, L. (2015). The copyright librarian: A practical handbook. Chandos Publishing. Editor(s): Linda Frederiksen, The Copyright Librarian, Chandos Publishing, 2016, Pages 75-90, ISBN 9780081001721, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100172-1.00007-1.

Friend, M., & Barron, T. (2015). School to school collaboration. Editor(s): James D. Wright, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), Elsevier, 2015, Pages 112-118, ISBN 9780080970875.

Hebert, E. B. (2010). The relationship between emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, and effectiveness in school principals. Georgia State University.

Hughes, W., & Pickeral, T. (2013). School climate and shared leadership. School climate practices for implementation and sustainability, 26(1), 1-56.

James, C., Connolly, M., & Hawkins, M. (2020). Reconceptualising and redefining educational leadership practice. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 23(5), 618-635.

Jenkins, H. (2009). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century (p. 145). The MIT press.

Kallestad, J. H. (2010). Changes in School Climate in a Long‐Term Perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(1), 1-14.

Karakose, T. (2008). The Perceptions of Primary School Teachers on Principal Cultural Leadership Behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 8(2), 569-579.

Kent, M. L., & Li, C. (2020). Toward a normative social media theory for public relations. Public Relations Review, 46(1), 101857.

Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., ... & Williams, D. R. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. The British journal of psychiatry, 197(5), 378-385.

Kohoulat, N., Dehghani, M. R., & Kohoulat, N. (2015). Perceived school climate and students’ mental health. International Journal of School Health, 2(4), 12-17.

Kruse, S. D., & Louis, K. S. (2008). Building strong school cultures: A guide to leading change. Corwin Press.

Lammers, J., Curwood, J. S., & Magnifico, A. (2012). Toward an affinity space methodology: Considerations for literacy research.

Langford, R., Bonell, C., Jones, H., Pouliou, T., Murphy, S., Waters, E., ... & Campbell, R. (2015). The World Health Organization’s Health Promoting Schools framework: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC public health, 15, 1-15.

Leithwood, K., Anderson, S., Mascall, B., & Strauss, T. (2010). School leaders’ influences on student learning: The four paths. The principles of educational leadership and management, 2, 13-30.

Leithwood, K., & Seashore-Louis, K. (2011). Linking leadership to student learning. John Wiley & Sons.

Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2012). The nature and effects of transformational school leadership: A meta-analytic review of unpublished research. Educational administration quarterly, 48(3), 387-423.

Liou, Y. H., & Daly, A. J. (2023). Networked systems leadership: The potential of social network theory and analysis. Editor(s): Robert J Tierney, Fazal Rizvi, Kadriye Ercikan, International Encyclopedia of Education (Fourth Edition), Elsevier, 2023, Pages 524-535, ISBN 9780128186299.

Lopez-Sierra, Y.; Trapero-Asenjo, S.; Rodríguez-Costa, I.; Granero-Heredia, G.; Pérez-Martin, Y.; Nunez-Nagy, S. (2024). Experiences of Second-Grade Primary School Children and Their Teachers in a Mind–Body Activity Program: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Healthcare, 12, 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12202095

Loukas, A., Suzuki, R., & Horton, K. D. (2006). Examining school connectedness as a mediator of school climate effects. Journal of research on adolescence, 16(3), 491-502.

Mahmudin, T. (2023). The Importance of Entrepreneurship Education in Preparing the Young Generation to Face Global Economic Challenges. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(3), 187-192.

Makovec, D. (2018). The teacherís role and professional development. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education, 6(2), 33ñ45. http://www.ijcrsee.com/index.php/ijcrsee/article/view/8/4

Mardapi, D., & Herawan, T. (2019). Community-based teacher training: Transformation of sustainable teacher empowerment strategy in Indonesia. Journal of teacher education for sustainability, 21(1), 48-66.

Maslowski, R. (2006). A review of inventories for diagnosing school culture. Journal of educational administration, 44(1), 6-35.

Meesuk, P., Sramoon, B., & Wongrugsa, A. (2020). Classroom action research-based instruction: The sustainable teacher professional development strategy. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 22(1), 98ñ110.

Niemi, H. (2015). Teacher professional development in Finland: Towards a more holistic approach. Psychology, Society, and Education, 7(3), 279ñ294.

O'Malley, M., Voight, A., Renshaw, T. L., & Eklund, K. (2015). School climate, family structure, and academic achievement: a study of moderation effects. School Psychology Quarterly, 30(1), 142.

Opfer, V. D., & Pedder, D. (2011). Conceptualizing teacher professional learning. Review of educational research, 81(3), 376-407.

Oppi, P., & Eisenschmidt, E. (2022). Developing a professional learning community through teacher leadership: A case in one Estonian school. Teaching and Teacher Education: Leadership and Professional Development, 1, 100011.

Öqvist, A., & Malmström, M. (2016). Teachers’ leadership: A maker or a breaker of students’ educational motivation. School Leadership & Management, 36(4), 365-380.

Riley, P. (2013). Attachment theory, teacher motivation & pastoral care: A challenge for teachers and academics. Pastoral Care in Education, 31(2), 112-129.

Sawyer, S. M., Afifi, R. A., Bearinger, L. H., Blakemore, S. J., Dick, B., Ezeh, A. C., & Patton, G. C. (2012). Adolescence: a foundation for future health. The lancet, 379(9826), 1630-1640.

Schoen, L. T., & Teddlie, C. (2008). A new model of school culture: A response to a call for conceptual clarity. School effectiveness and school improvement, 19(2), 129-153.

Seashore, K. R. (2009). Leadership and change in schools: Personal reflections over the last 30 years. Journal of Educational Change, 10, 129-140.

Singh, A. S., Mulder, C., Twisk, J. W., Van Mechelen, W., & Chinapaw, M. J. (2008). Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obesity reviews, 9(5), 474-488.

Spicer, F. V. (2016). School culture, school climate, and the role of the principal. Dissertation, Doctor of Education, Georgia State University. doi: https://doi.org/10.57709/8618737

Spiro, J. D. (2013). Effective principals in action. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(8), 27-31.

Suhrcke, M., & de Paz Nieves, C. (2011). The impact of health and health behaviours on educational outcomes in high-income countries: a review of the evidence. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2011.

Tai, M. K., & Abdull Kareem, O. (2020). Headteacher change leadership competency: a study in Malaysian primary schools. Professional Development in Education, 46(2), 292-305.

Tatlah, I. A., Iqbal, M. Z., Amin, M., & Quraishi, U. (2014). Effect of Leadership Behaviour of Principals on Students' Academic Achievement at Secondary Level: A Comparison of the Leaders and Teachers Perceptions. Journal of Research & Reflections in Education (JRRE), 8(1).

Tavakkoli, Z. & Rashidi, N. (2020). A study on the status of sustainability education among Iranian EFL instructors: Developing a glocalized model. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 22(2), 66ñ89. https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2020-0017

Thibaut, P. (2015). Social network sites with learning purposes: Exploring new spaces for literacy and learning in the primary classroom. The Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 38(2), 83-94.

Veldman, S. L., Santos, R., Jones, R. A., Sousa-Sá, E., & Okely, A. D. (2019). Associations between gross motor skills and cognitive development in toddlers. Early human development, 132, 39-44.

Yli-Panula, E., Jeronen, E., & Mäki, S. (2022). School culture promoting sustainability in student teachers’ Views. Sustainability, 14(12), 7440.

Zheng, B., Liu, H., & Davison, R. M. (2018). Exploring the relationship between corporate reputation and the public’s crisis communication on social media. Public Relations Review, 44(1), 56-64

Published

2024-12-01

How to Cite

GÖVEN, T., KAYA, H., ÇEKMEZ, M., AYEBE, M. A., ÇAKI, S., GÖVEN, H., YÜZAL, Ömer, & GÖVEN, G. (2024). School Culture: A Review. EJONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 8(4), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14227566

Issue

Section

Articles