Recycling Iron - Microwave Reduction of Poor Iron Ore Slime/ Limonite Sand and Foundry Waste Iron Slime by Bio Char
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10814424Keywords:
Microwave radiation, İron waste slurries, Reducing bath, Concentration treatment, Sorbent bath, Limonite slurriesAbstract
The microwave-assisted reduction of iron slime waste and poor iron ore is carried by sequentially concentration and reduction. A suitable advanced method is required for low-grade limonite and hematite iron ores of Şırnak, and Eastern Anatolian iron ores, in Turkey. The low-grade limonite resources are widely disseminated in the region, containing 47-80% Fe2O3.H2O, and goethite sands containing 25-30% Fe2O3. Benefaction from iron slimes, wet poor iron waste of foundries, and poor iron ore provides the recycling of iron and even other valuable metals such as tin, chromium, cobalt, and nickel. The microwave-assisted reduction is carried by sequentially following concentration and pre-reduction. An optimized reduction method is required for low-grade limonite and hematite iron ores of Şırnak, and Eastern Anatolian iron ores, in Turkey.
In this study, the poor limonite ores of Şırnak, the following gravity concentration, and microwave reduction in bubbling bed were studied in sequential batch processes.
References
Anonymous, (2020). Can 10% Royalty Reduction In Iron Ore Give Fillip To Atmanirbhar Bharat?, Outlook Magazine, https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-can-10-royalty-reduction-in-iron-ore-give-fillip-to-atmanirbhar-bharat/360757
Anonymous, (2020). Indian iron ore pellet makers raise supply concerns, Argus Media, https://www.argusmedia.com/en/ news/ 2133647-Indian-iron-ore-pellet-makers-raise-supply-concerns,
Amankwah, R.K., Pickles, C.A. (2005). Microwave calcination and sintering of manganese carbonate ore. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 44 (2), 239–248.
Amankwah, R.K., Pickles, C.A., Yen, W.T. (2005). Gold recovery by microwave-augmented sanding of waste-activated carbon. Minerals Engineering 18 (2), 517–526.
DeVaney, F.D. (1985). Iron Ore. In: Weiss, N.L. (Ed.), SME Mineral Processing Handbook, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, New York.
Chen TT, Dutrizac JE, Haque KE, Wyslouzil W, Ksandyap S. (1984). The relative transparency of minerals to microwave radiation. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 123, 3, s. 349–51.
Datta A K; Nelson S O (2000). Fundamental Physical Aspects of Microwave Absorption and Heating in Handbook of Microwave Technology for Food Applications. CHIPS Publications, USA
Fuerstenau, M.C., Miller, J.D., Gutierrez, G. (1967). Selective flotation of iron ore. Trans. AIME 238, 200-203.
Fuerstenau, M.C., Harper, R.W., Miller, J.D. (1970). Hydroxamate vs. fatty acid flotation of iron oxide. Trans. AIME 247, 69-73.
Fine, M. M.; Melcher, N. B.; Bernstein, N.; Woolf, P. L. & Reuss, J. L. (1970). Prereduced Iron Ore Pellets: Preparation, Properties, Utilization, United States Bureau of Mines Reports, USBM Bulletin 651,
Haque KE. (1999). Microwave energy for mineral treatment processes—a brief review, 1999, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 57, 1, s.1–24.
Hutcheon, R.M., De Jong, M.S., Adams, F.P. (1992). A system for rapid measurement of RF and microwave properties up to 1400 _C. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 27 (2), 87–92.
Hutcheon, R.M., De Jong, M.S., Adams, F.P., Lucuta, P.G., McGregor, J.E., Bahen, L., (1992a). RF and microwave dielectric measurements to 1400 _C and dielectric loss mechanisms. In: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings (Microwave Processing of Materials III), vol. 269, pp. 541–551.
Hutcheon, R.M., Hayward, P., Smith, B.H., Alexander, S.B. (1995). High-temperature dielectric constant measurement – another analytical tool for ceramic studies. Microwaves: Theory and Application in Materials Processing III, vol. 59. Ceramic Transactions, American Ceramic Society, pp. 235–241.
Jacob J., Chia L.H.L., Boey F.Y.C. (1995) Review—thermal and non-thermal interaction of microwave radiation with materials. Journal of Materials Science, 30, 21, s.5321–7.
Karmazsin, E. (1987). Use of low – and high-power microwave energy for thermal analysis. Thermochimica Acta, 110, 289–295.9th International Exergy, Energy and Environment Symposium (EIS-9), May 14-17, 2017, Split, Croatia
Kelly RM, Rowson NA. (1995) Microwave reduction of oxidized ilmenite concentrates. Minerals Engineering, 8, 11, s.1427–38.
Kılıç Ö. (2009) Mikrodalga ile Isıl İşlem Uygulamanın Kireçtaşı Kalsinasyonuna Etkisi, Madencilik, 48, 3, s 45-53.
Kingman S.W., Vorster W., Rowson N.A., 1999, The influence of mineralogy on microwave-assisted grinding. Minerals Engineering, 3,3, s.313–27.
Raghavan, S., Fuerstenau, D.W., (1974). The adsorption of aqueous octyl hydroxamate on ferric oxide. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 50, 319-330.
Melcher, N. B. (1963). Smelting Prereduced Iron Ore Pellets, JOM volume15, pages298–301(1963)
Machida S, Sato H, Takeda K, (2009). Development of the Process for Producing Pre-reduced Agglomerates, JFE GIHO No. 22, p. 25–31
Kumar, M., S. Ve Patel K.(2009). Characteristics of Indian non-coking coals and iron ore reduction by their chars for directly reduced iron production, Mineral Processing, and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 28,3,258-273
Kermen, H. (2019). Bölüm 1 : Demir-Çelik Sektörü. Türkiye Çelik Üreticileri Derneği, 2018, On birinci kalkınma planı (2019-2023) Ana metal sanayii çalışma grubu raporu,T.C.Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Ankara.
Krishnan, S.V., Iwasaki, I., 1984. Pulp dispersion in selective desliming of iron ores. Int. J. Miner. Process. 12, 1-13.
Lu, T., Pickles, C.A., Kelebek, S., (2007). Microwave heating behavior of a gibbsite type bauxite ore. In: Bekguleryuz, M.O., Paray, F., Wells, M. (Eds.), Proceedings of Symposium on Light Metals in Transport Applications. MetSoc (CIM), Toronto, Ont. Canada, pp. 421–449 (August 25–30).
Ma, J., Pickles, C.A. (2003). Microwave segregation process for nickeliferous silicate laterites. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 42 (3), 313–326.
Marland S, Han B, Merchant A, Rowson N. (2000). The effect of microwave radiation on coal grindability. Fuel, 79, 11, s.1283–8.
Metaxas, A.C., Meredith, R.J. (1983). Industrial Microwave Heating. Chapter 10, Peter Peregrinus, London, UK.
SIMA, (2020) Sponge Iron/DRI, http://www.spongeironindia.com/ statistics.php
SIMA, (2017). Sponge Iron Manufacturers Association, New Delhi - DRI Update, http://www.spongeironindia.com/ images/ publications/ DRI%20UPDATE%20-%20December%202017.pdf
Roetzel, W., X. Luo, D. Chen,(2020). Chapter 8 - Experimental Methods for thermal Performance of Heat Exchangers, in W. Roetzel, X. Luo, D. Chen (Eds.), Design and Operation of Heat Exchangers and their Networks, Academic Press 2020, pp. 391–429, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817894-2.00008-X.
Ramachandra Rao T.R. (2006). Direct Reduced Iron Industry in India — Problems and Prospects, Proceedings of the International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology, Chennai, India. pp. 461 - 463.
Rehder, J.E. (1983). Manufacturing cast iron with pre-reduced iron ore pellets, US Patent no 4401463
Salsman J.B., Williamson R.L., Tolley W.K., Rice D.A. (1996). Short-pulse microwave treatment of disseminated sulfide ores. Minerals Engineering, 9, 1, s.43–54.
Small, M.m(1981). Direct Reduction of Iron Ore, JOM, Volume 33, issue 4, p 71-75
Subhasisa N (2009). Study of Reduction kinetics of Iron ore Pellets by Noncoking coal, MSc Thesis, Department of metallurgical and materials engineering, national institute of technology, Rourkela, India
Tosun Y.I., (2018). Recovery Of Hematite from The Asphaltite Boiler’s Bottom Ash By Column Flotation – Plant Modelling, EJONS International Journal on Mathematic, Engineering and Natural Sciences, Year:2 Volume: (2) Publication Date: June 1, 2018, ISSN 2602 4136, www.ejons.co.uk, pp102-115
Vogtenhuber, H., D. Pernsteiner, R. (2019). Hofmann, Experimental and numerical investigations on heat transfer of bare tubes in a bubbling fluidized bed concerning better heat integration in temperature swing adsorption systems, Energies 12 (2019) 2646, https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142646.
World Steel Association, (2019), World Steel Statistics Japan Steel Institute,2018, Steel Production Report
TÇÜD, (2020) Demir Çelik Üretim İstatistikleri
Welty, J.R., G.L. Rorrer, D.G. Foster (2015). Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer, Sixth ed. Wiley, 2015.
Yang, D.C., 1988. Reagents in Iron Ore Processing. In: Somasundaran, P. and Moudgil, B.M., (Eds.), Reagents in Mineral Technology, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 579-644.
Yıldız, N., “Demir Cevheri”, (2010). “Cevher üretimi, zenginleştirilmesi, peletlenmesi, sinter üretimi, sünger demir üretimi, çelik üretimi”, Ertem Basım Yayın Dağıtım San. s 248, ISBN 978-975-96779-3-0,Ankara.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 EJONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.