EJONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL

Investigation Of Coating Properties In Cr2O3 +TiO2 Coatings Of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials By Flame Spray Coating Method

Abdulsamet GÖR — 2024-06-26

In this study, the coating properties of glass fiber reinforced composite materials were examined in Cr₂O₃ +TiO₂ coating by flame spray coating method. In the manufacture of the composite materials to be coated, glass fiber woven fabrics with different fiber densities (200, 300 and 500 g/m²) and epoxy resin were used as matrix material. Composite materials were manufactured using the hand lay-up method. Coating processes of Cr₂O₃ +TiO₂ ceramic powders were performed on the composite materials manufactured in the form of plates using the flame spray coating method. In order to examine the coating quality of the coated materials, samples were prepared from the coated plates in accordance with the standards and experiments were carried out to determine microstructure examinations, hardness measurements, surface roughness measurements and adhesion strength values. Microstructural examinations of the samples were carried out under optical microscope and SEM microscope. Measurements of porosity amounts of the coatings were made with the Clemex image analysis program on the optical microscope. The microhardness values of the coatings were measured on the surface of the samples using a micro hardness measuring device. The adhesion strength of the samples was determined in the tensile test device according to ASTM C-63 standard. It has been determined that the properties of the coated composite material affect the coating quality. The highest adhesion strength values among the coated samples were obtained in the coating made on glass fiber reinforced (500 g/m²) composite material, which has the highest fiber density. Hardness values and adhesion strength values of coatings with high porosity amount were low.

Views of Nurses Working in Risk Units About In-Service Training

Gamze SAATÇİ — 2024-06-26

This research was conducted to determine the opinions of nurses working in risky units about in-service training. The population of this descriptive study consisted of 167 nurses working in risky units in a training and research hospital in a province. The research was completed with 151 nurses who could be reached without using the sampling method and accepted the research. Data were collected with a descriptive characteristics questionnaire and a form to evaluate nurses' opinions on in-service training. Number and percentage distributions and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. The average age of the nurses participating in the study was 35.68±7.92, 70.9% were women, 76.2% were married and 53% had a bachelor's degree. While more than half the nurses in the 22-35 age group (55.2%) want to receive in-service training, most of the nurses in the 36-49 age group (71.4%) do not. While the number of female nurses who wanted to take in-service training was statistically significantly higher than men, the desire of nurses with a bachelor's degree to take in-service training was found to be significantly higher than nurses with other educational levels. While nurses who worked for more than 16 years and 6-10 years were more likely to want to take in-service training, nurses who liked the unit they worked in and found in-service training useful were also found to want to take in-service training. It shows that the majority of nurses find in-service training important for their professional development. In particular, female nurses show more interest in in-service training, and as the level of education increases, interest in in-service training increases.

Analysis of Agricultural Insurance Application in Thyme Production: The Case of Denizli Province

Arif SEMERCİ — 2024-06-26

The agricultural sector has a strategic and vital importance in the economies of all countries with different levels of development in terms of many socio-economic criteria. In terms of its basic features, the agricultural sector is significantly dependent on natural conditions in the production process. Today, no matter how much advanced high technology is used, the dependence of agricultural production on natural conditions continues. Agricultural insurance is the most effective method that could be used to eliminate the damages caused by the risks and uncertainties that threaten agricultural production. History of agricultural insurance practices in the world dates back to 18. century whereas goes back to 1950s in Türkiye. Today, the main basis of agricultural insurance throughout the country is the Agricultural Insurance Law enacted in 2005. Agricultural insurance practices which are applied for agricultural activities have been carried out by the Agricultural Insurance Pool Enterprise that was established in accordance with the relevant law. As for the year 2022, approximately 3 million policies were created across the country in return for an insurance that amounts about 296 billion TL and with a premium production of 4,8 billion TL. As for the same year, 3,4 billion TL of damage payments were made within the scope of agricultural insurance throughout the country. In this study, the differences between the enterprises that have agricultural insurance and those that do not have been examined with the help of the data obtained from 82 thyme producing enterprises determined by the Simple Random Sampling method in Denizli. In the study, it has been determined that the rate of agricultural insurance in thyme production was 29,27% (for 24 enterprises). This rate has also showed that the enterprises having insurance consists of the 47,71% rate in total thyme production areas and 43,63% in production amount. According to the results obtained in the research, in the enterprises that have insurance in thyme production; The average thyme production area has been calculated as 73,35 da, the average yield value has been 86,97 kg/da and the production value obtained has been calculated as 1.332,95 TL/da. These values were found to be lower than those of enterprises that did not have agricultural insurance. The differences between the groups were found to be statistically significant at the level of 1%, 10% and 10%, respectively. The research has showed that statistical differences between the enterprises that have insurance in the production of thyme and the enterprises that do not are significant in terms of; age (5%), education (10%), thyme production experience (5%) and human labor use per decare (5%). The research has shown that the education level of the producers who have insurance in the enterprises examined is higher than those who do not, and the average age of individuals is 5 years younger than those who do not have insurance. The study revealed that the production value obtained depending on the yield and sales price in the enterprises where agricultural insurance is applied is lower than in the enterprises that do not have agricultural insurance. This situation reveals that the producers in the research area should focus on training activities on thyme production techniques. Having examined the literature on the same issue, it is seen that agricultural insurance practices are insufficient in all kinds of agricultural activities. The findings obtained in this research seem to confirm this opinion. To popularize agricultural insurance practices, training, publication, promotion, and information activities should be emphasized at the enterprise level.

The Situation of Livestock Activities in the Earthquake Region After the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes

Yüksel AKIN — 2024-06-26

In Turkey, two devastating earthquakes with magnitudes Mw=7.7 and Mw=7.6 in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023, had significant negative effects on the livestock fattenings of the region. It was announced that 8,241 bovines, 64,260 ovines and 42,000 poultry died in the region, and 533,000 chicks died in Adıyaman and 168,000 chicks in Malatya. It was determined that the total loss was at the level of 602.5 million TL (31.9 million dollars). To breeders; 1 billion 372 million TL feed support, 5.804 bovines, 43.317 ovines, 549.000 poultry and 26.318 beehives were provided. While there were no significant changes in the number of bovines in the earthquake region, the reduce in the number of ovines in the leading provinces in terms of the presence of ovines compared to the pre-earthquake period is as follows; It was determined as 102,000 in Şanlıurfa, 107,000 in Adana, 74,000 in Elazığ, 61,000 in Kahramanmaraş and 15,000 in Diyarbakır. In broiler breeding, there was a decrease of 13.57% in Hatay, 11.68% in Kilis, and 9.40% in Malatya. In laying hen breeding respectively there was a decrease of 21.21% in Diyarbakır, 15.65% in Hatay, 15,49% in Kilis, and %8,64 in Osmaniye. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) tried to prevent losses in livestock and withdrawal from breeding with cash and in-kind aid. In the future, it is vital for the sustainable livestock activities of the region that investments, loans and incentive packages in the earthquake zone are among the priority policies of the Ministry.

Effectiveness of Protectionism in the Trade War: Case of the U.S. and China

Mehmet Yusuf HAZAR — 2024-06-26

Protectionism refers to the economic policy of a country to limit foreign trade by imposing tariffs, quotas, or other barriers on imported goods and services. The trade war between the United States and China, which began in 2018, has been one of the most notable exemplifications of protectionism in recent times. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of protectionism in the trade war between the United States and China.

The U.S. government imposed tariffs on Chinese imports to reduce the trade deficit with China and to protect American businesses from unfair competition. The tariffs were designed to incentivize American companies to relocate their manufacturing operations to the United States and diminish reliance on imports from China. However, the tariffs also had negative effects on the U.S. economy. American businesses and consumers had to pay higher prices for imported goods, and U.S. companies that relied on Chinese inputs for their production faced significant difficulties.

In China, the government responded to the U.S. tariffs by imposing its own tariffs on American imports. The Chinese tariffs aimed to reduce the impact of the U.S. tariffs on the Chinese economy and to support Chinese businesses. However, the Chinese tariffs also had a negative impact on the Chinese economy. Chinese businesses and consumers had to pay higher prices for imported goods, and Chinese companies that relied on American inputs for their production faced significant difficulties. The trade war between the United States and China has adversely affected the worldwide economy. Declines in trade between the two nations have resulted in diminished economic growth and higher unemployment rates. Moreover, the trade dispute has introduced uncertainty and instability into the global economic landscape, causing hesitation among businesses and investors to engage in new ventures. To sum up, the trade dispute between the United States and China has illustrated that protectionist measures are not an effective remedy to the challenges posed by international trade.

Phase Retrieval and Norm Retrieval in Unitary Systems

Fatma BOZKURT — 2024-06-26

In a separable Hilbert space , we introduce phase and norm retrievable frame generators for a unitary system and show that phase retrievable and norm retrievable vectors and subspaces can be obtained with a unitary system structure. We give the conditions under which a complete wandering subspace for a unitary system can generate vectors and subspaces that do phase retrieval and norm retrieval in .

Evaluation of Patients’ Quality Life of Diagnosed with Panic Disorder

Nurten Gülsüm BAYRAK — 2024-06-26

This research was conducted to evaluate the quality of life of patients diagnosed with panic disorder who applied to a public hospital. The data of the descriptive and cross-sectional study were collected between 30 December 2012 and 30 April 2013. SF-36 Quality of Life scale and socio-demographic information form were used to collect data. Kruskal Walls “t” test and Mann Whitney U test were used to evaluate the data, the results were accepted as 95% confidence interval, and significance was accepted as (p <0.05). 53.8% of the patients were male, 44.5% were high school graduates, 55.5% were married, 77.3% had been treated for panic disorder for 1-5 years, 79% had experienced a negative life event before the first attack, 69.2% had experienced a negative life event before the first attack. It was determined that 100,000 of them attempted suicide 1-2 times and 51.3% of them experienced the loss of a mother or father. Patients' Quality of Life scale subscale score averages; physical function 23.674±4.64; physical role difficulty 5.37±1.57; Pain 5.29±2.12; general health 10.58±3.61; energy 10.15±2.45; social function 6.29±1.63; emotional role difficulty 3.66±1.08; mental health was determined as 14.11±3.39. As a result of the study, it was determined that factors such as negative life experiences, loss of a parent, having an additional physical or mental illness, and suicide attempt negatively affected the quality of life.

İnvestigation of Coating Properties of Composite Materials Manufactured by Pultrusion Method and Coating of Ceramic Materials with Flame Spray Coating Method

Abdulsamet GÖR — 2024-06-26

In this study, the coating properties of composite materials manufactured by pultrusion method were examined in Cr₂O₃ +TiO₂ coating with flame spray coating method. The pultrusion process is an automatic process that enables the production of high fiber volume continuous profiles with a constant cross section, requires little labor and produces minimum waste material. Continuous glass fiber and polyester resin were used as matrix material in the production of composite plate profiles, which were manufactured by the pultrusion method to be coated. The samples to be coated were prepared by cutting the profiles on a planer with the help of a diamond disc saw. Coating of Cr₂O₃ +TiO₂ ceramic powders was carried out on plate-shaped composite materials using the flame spray coating method. In order to examine the coating quality of the coated materials, samples in accordance with the standards were prepared and experiments were carried out to determine microstructure examinations, hardness measurements, surface roughness measurements and adhesion strength values. The samples for microstructure examination and hardness measurement were taken in bakelite and their surfaces were polished in a sanding-polishing device. Microstructural examinations of the samples were carried out using optical and SEM microscopes. Measurements of porosity amounts of the coatings were made with the Clemex image analysis program on the optical microscope. Microhardness values of the coatings were measured on a microhardness measuring device. The adhesion strength of the samples was determined in the tensile test device according to ASTM C-63 standard. It was determined that the hardness on the coating surfaces of the coated composite materials was 778 HV, the porosity amount was 10%, the surface roughness value was 2.113 µm and the adhesion strength was 16.3 MPa.

Rock Sliding Risk of Şırnak Asphaltite Coal Quarry - Study on Cemented Cracks of Shale, Marly Claystone for Upper Slope's Stability by Sawing Disc Tests

Yıldırım İsmail TOSUN — 2024-06-26

There is a relationship among the type of crack formations and shear properties of different rocks depending on the dynamic loads in the shale formations of the Şırnak Asphaltite Coal Quarries No 1,2 and 3 and other critical asphaltite coal pits. The crack density and formation on the Stereonet records of Şırnak asphaltite quarries and sawing test results of the face stones are becoming so critical for safety of slope stability. The possibility of safety factors of rock sliding and critical rock falling in the quarry No. 1 was investigated locally by comparing the crack factors caused by crack propagations over determining the impact loads on the site blocks shale, marly shale slope faces in advance. The safety factor calculations showed possible rock fallings with the aim of determining the impacts or pressure loads before excavation without overloading the composed highly cracked shale and shattered shale and marly shale stone formations on the upper slopes.

Research and Basic Technological Expectations on Industrial Welding Robots

Nülifer GÜNDOĞAN — 2024-06-26

The use of robots is quite common in industrial welding applications. However, in modern technology, robotic welding applications are still under development. In recent years, studies on the development of robotic welding technology; significant developments have been achieved in areas such as weld seam tracking system, machine user interface database, offline programming method, trajectory tracking and creation, and intelligent control systems. On the other hand, the need for training of welding operators in the use and programming of welding robots and the use of inadequate machine interfaces in the implementation of complex welding processes pose a problem. It is thought that with the development of intelligent control technology and artificial intelligence systems of machine interfaces, path planning technologies (such as neural network algorithm, ant colony), especially in intelligent welding robots, will direct future research in solving welding-related problems. In addition, factors such as seam quality, penetration, pore structure, depth and cross-section of the part to be welded are also included in the interface software of the robot using image processing methods in the applications of welding robots. Taking all these data into consideration, in this article, the problems in welding applications are stated, and analyzes regarding the current status and requirements of robotic welding technology have been made for reference purposes in order to be useful for future R&D studies on welding applications and manufacturing companies